feat(build): 添加离线构建支持

- 新增 build-offline.sh 脚本实现无网环境构建
- 添加离线版 Dockerfiles 使用本地资源替代网络下载
- 创建 export-cache.sh 脚本在有网环境预下载依赖
- 集成 Makefile.offline.mk 提供便捷的离线构建命令
- 添加详细的离线构建文档和故障排查指南
- 实现基础镜像、BuildKit 缓存和外部资源的一键打包

scripts/offline/Makefile.offline

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Makefile 离线构建扩展
+# 将此内容追加到主 Makefile 或单独使用
+# 使用方法: make -f Makefile.offline <target>
+
+# 离线构建配置
+CACHE_DIR ?= ./build-cache
+VERSION ?= latest
+
+# ========== 离线构建目标 ==========
+
+.PHONY: offline-export
+offline-export:
+	@echo "导出离线构建缓存..."
+	@bash scripts/offline/export-cache.sh $(CACHE_DIR)
+
+.PHONY: offline-build
+offline-build:
+	@echo "使用缓存进行离线构建..."
+	@bash scripts/offline/build-offline.sh $(CACHE_DIR) $(VERSION)
+
+.PHONY: offline-setup
+offline-setup:
+	@echo "解压并设置离线缓存..."
+	@if [ ! -d "$(CACHE_DIR)" ]; then \
+		echo "查找缓存压缩包..."; \
+		cache_file=$$(ls -t build-cache-*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | head -1); \
+		if [ -z "$$cache_file" ]; then \
+			echo "错误: 未找到缓存压缩包 (build-cache-*.tar.gz)"; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+		echo "解压 $$cache_file..."; \
+		tar -xzf "$$cache_file"; \
+	fi
+	@echo "✓ 离线缓存准备完成"
+
+# 单个服务的离线构建
+.PHONY: %-offline-build
+%-offline-build:
+	@echo "离线构建 $*..."
+	@$(eval CACHE_FILE := $(CACHE_DIR)/buildkit/$*-cache)
+	@$(eval IMAGE_NAME := $(if $(filter deer-flow%,$*),$*,datamate-$*))
+	@if [ ! -d "$(CACHE_FILE)" ]; then \
+		echo "错误: $* 的缓存不存在于 $(CACHE_FILE)"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	@docker buildx build \
+		--cache-from type=local,src=$(CACHE_FILE) \
+		--network=none \
+		-f scripts/images/$*/Dockerfile \
+		-t $(IMAGE_NAME):$(VERSION) \
+		--load \
+		. || echo "警告: $* 离线构建失败"
+
+# 兼容原 Makefile 的构建目标（离线模式）
+.PHONY: build-offline
+build-offline: offline-setup
+	@$(MAKE) offline-build
+
+.PHONY: help-offline
+help-offline:
+	@echo "离线构建命令:"
+	@echo "  make offline-export              - 在有网环境导出构建缓存"
+	@echo "  make offline-setup               - 解压并准备离线缓存"
+	@echo "  make offline-build               - 在无网环境使用缓存构建"
+	@echo "  make <service>-offline-build     - 离线构建单个服务"
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "示例:"
+	@echo "  # 有网环境导出缓存"
+	@echo "  make offline-export"
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "  # 传输 build-cache-*.tar.gz 到无网环境"
+	@echo "  scp build-cache-20250202.tar.gz user@offline-server:/path/"
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "  # 无网环境构建"
+	@echo "  make offline-setup"
+	@echo "  make offline-build"