diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 4778f07..8b73d4a 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
 
+# 启用 Docker BuildKit 以支持缓存卷等高级功能
+export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
+
 WITH_MINERU ?= false  # 默认不构建mineru
 VERSION ?= latest
 NAMESPACE ?= datamate
diff --git a/scripts/images/backend/Dockerfile b/scripts/images/backend/Dockerfile
index 9c8a739..97ad049 100644
--- a/scripts/images/backend/Dockerfile
+++ b/scripts/images/backend/Dockerfile
@@ -16,10 +16,44 @@ RUN mkdir -p /root/.m2 && \
   </mirrors>\n\
 </settings>' > /root/.m2/settings.xml
 
+WORKDIR /opt/backend
+
+# 先复制所有 pom.xml 文件，利用 Docker 层缓存
+# 父 pom
+COPY backend/pom.xml ./
+
+# services 聚合模块
+COPY backend/services/pom.xml ./services/
+
+# 共享模块
+COPY backend/shared/domain-common/pom.xml ./shared/domain-common/
+COPY backend/shared/security-common/pom.xml ./shared/security-common/
+
+# 各个服务模块
+COPY backend/services/data-annotation-service/pom.xml ./services/data-annotation-service/
+COPY backend/services/data-cleaning-service/pom.xml ./services/data-cleaning-service/
+COPY backend/services/data-evaluation-service/pom.xml ./services/data-evaluation-service/
+COPY backend/services/data-management-service/pom.xml ./services/data-management-service/
+COPY backend/services/data-synthesis-service/pom.xml ./services/data-synthesis-service/
+COPY backend/services/execution-engine-service/pom.xml ./services/execution-engine-service/
+COPY backend/services/main-application/pom.xml ./services/main-application/
+COPY backend/services/operator-market-service/pom.xml ./services/operator-market-service/
+COPY backend/services/pipeline-orchestration-service/pom.xml ./services/pipeline-orchestration-service/
+COPY backend/services/rag-indexer-service/pom.xml ./services/rag-indexer-service/
+COPY backend/services/rag-query-service/pom.xml ./services/rag-query-service/
+
+# 使用缓存卷下载依赖（不复制源代码时即可缓存依赖层）
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2/repository \
+    cd /opt/backend/services && \
+    mvn dependency:go-offline -Dmaven.test.skip=true || true
+
+# 复制所有源代码
 COPY backend/ /opt/backend
 
-RUN cd /opt/backend/services && \
-    mvn -U clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
+# 编译打包（使用缓存的依赖）
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2/repository \
+    cd /opt/backend/services && \
+    mvn -o clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
 
 
 FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jdk
diff --git a/scripts/images/frontend/Dockerfile b/scripts/images/frontend/Dockerfile
index f7022d3..021dadc 100644
--- a/scripts/images/frontend/Dockerfile
+++ b/scripts/images/frontend/Dockerfile
@@ -2,12 +2,21 @@ FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
+# 配置 npm 淘宝镜像
+RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
+
+# 先复制 package.json 和 package-lock.json，利用 Docker 层缓存
+COPY frontend/package.json frontend/package-lock.json* ./
+
+# 使用缓存卷安装依赖（不复制源代码时即可缓存依赖层）
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
+    if [ -f package-lock.json ]; then npm ci; else npm install; fi
+
+# 复制所有源代码
 COPY frontend ./
 
-# 配置 npm 淘宝镜像
-RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com && \
-    if [ -f package-lock.json ]; then npm ci; else npm install; fi && \
-    npm run build
+# 构建（使用缓存的依赖）
+RUN npm run build
 
 FROM nginx:1.29 AS runner
 
diff --git a/scripts/images/gateway/Dockerfile b/scripts/images/gateway/Dockerfile
index 2e3faa1..4483d7a 100644
--- a/scripts/images/gateway/Dockerfile
+++ b/scripts/images/gateway/Dockerfile
@@ -16,10 +16,26 @@ RUN mkdir -p /root/.m2 && \
   </mirrors>\n\
 </settings>' > /root/.m2/settings.xml
 
-COPY backend/ /opt/gateway
+WORKDIR /opt/gateway
 
-RUN cd /opt/gateway/api-gateway && \
-    mvn -U clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
+# 先复制父 pom.xml（gateway 依赖父 pom 中的依赖管理）
+COPY backend/pom.xml ./
+
+# 复制 api-gateway 的 pom.xml
+COPY backend/api-gateway/pom.xml ./api-gateway/
+
+# 使用缓存卷下载依赖（不复制源代码时即可缓存依赖层）
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2/repository \
+    cd /opt/gateway/api-gateway && \
+    mvn dependency:go-offline -Dmaven.test.skip=true || true
+
+# 复制所有源代码
+COPY backend/api-gateway /opt/gateway/api-gateway
+
+# 编译打包（使用缓存的依赖）
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2/repository \
+    cd /opt/gateway/api-gateway && \
+    mvn -o clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
 
 
 FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jdk