diff --git a/internal/mcp/auth_middleware.go b/internal/mcp/auth_middleware.go
index a58c4e0..afb51b2 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/auth_middleware.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/auth_middleware.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ type authCtxKey struct{}
 var AuthContextKey = authCtxKey{}
 
 // AuthSession 是中间件解析后注入 ctx 的鉴权快照。
-// 不直接暴露 *MCPToken（隐藏 hash 字段，避免下游误用）。
+// 不直接暴露 *Token（隐藏 hash 字段，避免下游误用）。
 type AuthSession struct {
 	TokenID string // 用于审计 metadata 写入
 	UserID  string // user_id 字符串形式（避免反复 uuid.UUID -> string 转换）
diff --git a/internal/mcp/auth_middleware_test.go b/internal/mcp/auth_middleware_test.go
index e93a8d7..a4ff7f5 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/auth_middleware_test.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/auth_middleware_test.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 func TestAuthMiddleware_BearerHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	res, err := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_BearerHeader(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthMiddleware_QueryFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	res, _ := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_QueryFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAuthMiddleware_MissingToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	mw := mcp.NewAuthMiddleware(svc)
 	h := mw(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_MissingToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAuthMiddleware_InvalidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	mw := mcp.NewAuthMiddleware(svc)
 	h := mw(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
diff --git a/internal/mcp/domain.go b/internal/mcp/domain.go
index 6028044..6b80da9 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/domain.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/domain.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 //   - 工具/prompts/resources 的业务桥接（调 project / chat 现有 service）
 //
 // 三类核心抽象：
-//   - MCPToken：DB 行记录，token plaintext 仅签发时返回一次
+//   - Token：DB 行记录，token plaintext 仅签发时返回一次
 //   - Scope：JSONB 形态的工具白名单 + project_ids 限定
 //   - Issuer：'system' 或 'admin'，决定生命期与是否绑定 ACP session
 package mcp
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ func (s *Scope) AllowsProject(id uuid.UUID) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// MCPToken 是 mcp_tokens 表的 Go 表示。
+// Token 是 mcp_tokens 表的 Go 表示。
 //
 // TokenHash 是 SHA-256(plaintext)；plaintext 仅在 IssueAdmin/IssueSystemToken
 // 的返回值里出现一次，DB 与本结构都不持有 plaintext。
-type MCPToken struct {
+type Token struct {
 	ID            uuid.UUID
 	TokenHash     []byte
 	UserID        uuid.UUID
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ type MCPToken struct {
 
 // IsActive 报告 token 当前是否可用（未撤销 + 未过期）。
 // now 显式注入便于测试；生产调用方传 time.Now()。
-func (t *MCPToken) IsActive(now time.Time) bool {
+func (t *Token) IsActive(now time.Time) bool {
 	if t.RevokedAt != nil {
 		return false
 	}
diff --git a/internal/mcp/repository.go b/internal/mcp/repository.go
index 1678a77..dd52634 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/repository.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/repository.go
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ import (
 // Repository 是 mcp 模块对 PG 的全部依赖。Service 单测通过手写 fakeRepo 满足。
 type Repository interface {
 	// CRUD
-	Create(ctx context.Context, t *MCPToken) (*MCPToken, error)
-	GetByHash(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (*MCPToken, error)
-	GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*MCPToken, error)
-	List(ctx context.Context, callerUserID *uuid.UUID, activeOnly bool) ([]*MCPToken, error)
+	Create(ctx context.Context, t *Token) (*Token, error)
+	GetByHash(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (*Token, error)
+	GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*Token, error)
+	List(ctx context.Context, callerUserID *uuid.UUID, activeOnly bool) ([]*Token, error)
 
 	// 状态变更
 	UpdateLastUsed(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ func scopeFromJSON(raw []byte) (Scope, error) {
 	return s, nil
 }
 
-// rowToMCPToken 把 sqlc 生成的 row 翻译为业务结构。
-func rowToMCPToken(r mcpsqlc.McpToken) (*MCPToken, error) {
+// rowToToken 把 sqlc 生成的 row 翻译为业务结构。
+func rowToToken(r mcpsqlc.McpToken) (*Token, error) {
 	scope, err := scopeFromJSON(r.Scope)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(err, errs.CodeInternal, "decode mcp_token.scope")
 	}
-	return &MCPToken{
+	return &Token{
 		ID:           fromPgUUID(r.ID),
 		TokenHash:    r.TokenHash,
 		UserID:       fromPgUUID(r.UserID),
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func pgxNoRowsToErrNotFound(err error, code errs.Code, msg string) error {
 
 // ===== Create =====
 
-func (r *pgRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, t *MCPToken) (*MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *pgRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, t *Token) (*Token, error) {
 	scopeJSON, err := scopeToJSON(t.Scope)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(err, errs.CodeInternal, "encode mcp_token.scope")
@@ -150,30 +150,30 @@ func (r *pgRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, t *MCPToken) (*MCPToken, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(err, errs.CodeInternal, "insert mcp_token")
 	}
-	return rowToMCPToken(row)
+	return rowToToken(row)
 }
 
 // ===== Get =====
 
-func (r *pgRepo) GetByHash(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (*MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *pgRepo) GetByHash(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (*Token, error) {
 	row, err := r.q.GetMcpTokenByHash(ctx, hash)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, pgxNoRowsToErrNotFound(err, errs.CodeMcpTokenInvalid, "mcp token not found")
 	}
-	return rowToMCPToken(row)
+	return rowToToken(row)
 }
 
-func (r *pgRepo) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *pgRepo) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*Token, error) {
 	row, err := r.q.GetMcpTokenByID(ctx, toPgUUID(id))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, pgxNoRowsToErrNotFound(err, errs.CodeMcpTokenNotFound, "mcp token not found")
 	}
-	return rowToMCPToken(row)
+	return rowToToken(row)
 }
 
 // ===== Stub methods (implemented in subsequent tasks) =====
 
-func (r *pgRepo) List(ctx context.Context, callerUserID *uuid.UUID, activeOnly bool) ([]*MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *pgRepo) List(ctx context.Context, callerUserID *uuid.UUID, activeOnly bool) ([]*Token, error) {
 	rows, err := r.q.ListMcpTokens(ctx, mcpsqlc.ListMcpTokensParams{
 		CallerUserID: toPgUUIDPtr(callerUserID),
 		ActiveOnly:   activeOnly,
@@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ func (r *pgRepo) List(ctx context.Context, callerUserID *uuid.UUID, activeOnly b
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(err, errs.CodeInternal, "list mcp_tokens")
 	}
-	out := make([]*MCPToken, 0, len(rows))
+	out := make([]*Token, 0, len(rows))
 	for _, row := range rows {
-		t, err := rowToMCPToken(row)
+		t, err := rowToToken(row)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
diff --git a/internal/mcp/repository_test.go b/internal/mcp/repository_test.go
index 43e329a..e2057c9 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/repository_test.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/repository_test.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_AdminToken_CRUD(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	expires := time.Now().Add(90 * 24 * time.Hour)
-	created, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	created, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID:        uuid.New(),
 		TokenHash: hash,
 		UserID:    uid,
@@ -133,12 +133,14 @@ func TestPgRepo_CheckConstraint_SystemRequiresSession(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// system token + 没 acp_session_id → CHECK 拒绝
-	_, err = repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	_, err = repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash, UserID: uid,
 		Name: "x", Issuer: mcp.IssuerSystem, CreatedBy: uid,
 	})
 	require.Error(t, err)
-	// PG 抛 23514 check_violation；包装在 errs.CodeInternal 里
+	ae, ok := errs.As(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, errs.CodeInternal, ae.Code, "CHECK violation should wrap to CodeInternal")
 }
 
 func TestPgRepo_CheckConstraint_AdminMustNotHaveSession(t *testing.T) {
@@ -152,12 +154,15 @@ func TestPgRepo_CheckConstraint_AdminMustNotHaveSession(t *testing.T) {
 
 	fakeSessionID := uuid.New()
 	// admin token + 有 acp_session_id → CHECK 拒绝
-	_, err = repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	_, err = repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash, UserID: uid,
 		Name: "y", Issuer: mcp.IssuerAdmin, ACPSessionID: &fakeSessionID,
 		CreatedBy: uid,
 	})
 	require.Error(t, err)
+	ae, ok := errs.As(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, errs.CodeInternal, ae.Code, "CHECK violation should wrap to CodeInternal")
 }
 
 func TestPgRepo_List_FilterByCaller(t *testing.T) {
@@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_List_FilterByCaller(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mkAdmin := func(uid uuid.UUID, name string) {
 		_, hash, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-		_, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+		_, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 			ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash, UserID: uid, Name: name,
 			Issuer: mcp.IssuerAdmin, CreatedBy: admin,
 		})
@@ -208,7 +213,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_List_ActiveOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	expPast := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)
 	mk := func(name string, exp *time.Time) uuid.UUID {
 		_, hash, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-		tok, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+		tok, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 			ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash, UserID: user, Name: name,
 			Issuer: mcp.IssuerAdmin, ExpiresAt: exp, CreatedBy: admin,
 		})
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_PurgeExpired(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 一个早已过期的 row（手工写 expires_at = 30d ago）
 	_, hash, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-	tk, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	tk, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash, UserID: user, Name: "old",
 		Issuer: mcp.IssuerAdmin, ExpiresAt: &old, CreatedBy: admin,
 	})
@@ -253,7 +258,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_PurgeExpired(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 一个新 token
 	_, hash2, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-	_, err = repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	_, err = repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash2, UserID: user, Name: "new",
 		Issuer: mcp.IssuerAdmin, ExpiresAt: &expFuture, CreatedBy: admin,
 	})
@@ -323,7 +328,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_RevokeBySession(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 插一个 system token
 	_, hash, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-	tk, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	tk, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: hash, UserID: uid,
 		Name: "system-x", Issuer: mcp.IssuerSystem,
 		Scope:        mcp.Scope{ProjectIDs: []uuid.UUID{pid}},
@@ -359,7 +364,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_ReapStaleSystemTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	// 一个 crashed session 的 system token
 	sidCrashed, pidA := mustInsertACPSetup(t, ctx, pool, uid, "crashed")
 	_, h1, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-	tk1, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	tk1, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: h1, UserID: uid,
 		Name: "crashed-tok", Issuer: mcp.IssuerSystem,
 		Scope:        mcp.Scope{ProjectIDs: []uuid.UUID{pidA}},
@@ -370,7 +375,7 @@ func TestPgRepo_ReapStaleSystemTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	// 一个 running session 的 system token（不该被 reap）
 	sidRunning, pidB := mustInsertACPSetup(t, ctx, pool, uid, "running")
 	_, h2, _ := mcp.NewToken()
-	tk2, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.MCPToken{
+	tk2, err := repo.Create(ctx, &mcp.Token{
 		ID: uuid.New(), TokenHash: h2, UserID: uid,
 		Name: "running-tok", Issuer: mcp.IssuerSystem,
 		Scope:        mcp.Scope{ProjectIDs: []uuid.UUID{pidB}},
diff --git a/internal/mcp/token_service.go b/internal/mcp/token_service.go
index d276042..279c199 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/token_service.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/token_service.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 type TokenService interface {
 	IssueAdmin(ctx context.Context, in IssueAdminInput) (IssueResult, error)
 	IssueSystemToken(ctx context.Context, in IssueSystemTokenInput) (IssueResult, error)
-	Authenticate(ctx context.Context, plaintext string) (*MCPToken, error)
+	Authenticate(ctx context.Context, plaintext string) (*Token, error)
 	Revoke(ctx context.Context, id, byUserID uuid.UUID) error
 	RevokeBySession(ctx context.Context, sessionID uuid.UUID) error
 }
@@ -60,14 +60,18 @@ var defaultSystemTools = []string{
 	"create_requirement", "update_requirement", "close_requirement", "reopen_requirement", "set_requirement_phase",
 }
 
-// NewTokenService 构造 service。
-func NewTokenService(repo Repository, audit audit.Recorder) TokenService {
-	return &tokenService{repo: repo, audit: audit}
+// NewTokenService 构造 service。now 用于测试注入；nil 时默认 time.Now。
+func NewTokenService(repo Repository, audit audit.Recorder, now func() time.Time) TokenService {
+	if now == nil {
+		now = time.Now
+	}
+	return &tokenService{repo: repo, audit: audit, now: now}
 }
 
 type tokenService struct {
 	repo  Repository
 	audit audit.Recorder
+	now   func() time.Time
 }
 
 // IssueAdmin 签发一个长期 admin token。Name + ExpiresAt 必填；scope 可空（= 全权）。
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ func (s *tokenService) IssueAdmin(ctx context.Context, in IssueAdminInput) (Issu
 	if in.ExpiresAt.IsZero() {
 		return IssueResult{}, errs.New(errs.CodeMcpTokenExpiresRequired, "expires_at is required for admin token")
 	}
-	if !in.ExpiresAt.After(time.Now()) {
+	if !in.ExpiresAt.After(s.now()) {
 		return IssueResult{}, errs.New(errs.CodeMcpTokenExpiresRequired, "expires_at must be in the future")
 	}
 
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ func (s *tokenService) IssueAdmin(ctx context.Context, in IssueAdminInput) (Issu
 	}
 
 	id := uuid.New()
-	created, err := s.repo.Create(ctx, &MCPToken{
+	created, err := s.repo.Create(ctx, &Token{
 		ID:        id,
 		TokenHash: hash,
 		UserID:    in.UserID,
@@ -140,6 +144,12 @@ func (s *tokenService) IssueAdmin(ctx context.Context, in IssueAdminInput) (Issu
 // 默认 ExpiresIn = 24h；默认 Tools 为内置 PM 工具白名单（spec §6.2）。
 // 写一条 audit `mcp.token.create_system`。
 func (s *tokenService) IssueSystemToken(ctx context.Context, in IssueSystemTokenInput) (IssueResult, error) {
+	if in.ACPSessionID == uuid.Nil {
+		return IssueResult{}, errs.New(errs.CodeInvalidInput, "acp_session_id is required for system token")
+	}
+	if in.UserID == uuid.Nil {
+		return IssueResult{}, errs.New(errs.CodeInvalidInput, "user_id is required for system token")
+	}
 	if in.ExpiresIn <= 0 {
 		in.ExpiresIn = 24 * time.Hour
 	}
@@ -148,7 +158,7 @@ func (s *tokenService) IssueSystemToken(ctx context.Context, in IssueSystemToken
 		// 用 copy 避免共享 defaultSystemTools 给调用方修改
 		tools = append([]string{}, defaultSystemTools...)
 	}
-	expires := time.Now().Add(in.ExpiresIn)
+	expires := s.now().Add(in.ExpiresIn)
 
 	plain, hash, err := NewToken()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -156,7 +166,7 @@ func (s *tokenService) IssueSystemToken(ctx context.Context, in IssueSystemToken
 	}
 
 	id := uuid.New()
-	created, err := s.repo.Create(ctx, &MCPToken{
+	created, err := s.repo.Create(ctx, &Token{
 		ID:           id,
 		TokenHash:    hash,
 		UserID:       in.UserID,
@@ -200,8 +210,8 @@ func (s *tokenService) IssueSystemToken(ctx context.Context, in IssueSystemToken
 //   - revoked_at 非空   → CodeMcpTokenRevoked (401)
 //   - expires_at 已过   → CodeMcpTokenExpired (401)
 //
-// 返回的 *MCPToken 不含 plaintext；调用方从中读 user_id + scope。
-func (s *tokenService) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, plaintext string) (*MCPToken, error) {
+// 返回的 *Token 不含 plaintext；调用方从中读 user_id + scope。
+func (s *tokenService) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, plaintext string) (*Token, error) {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(plaintext) == "" {
 		return nil, errs.New(errs.CodeMcpTokenInvalid, "missing token")
 	}
@@ -212,7 +222,7 @@ func (s *tokenService) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, plaintext string) (*MCP
 	if tok.RevokedAt != nil {
 		return nil, errs.New(errs.CodeMcpTokenRevoked, "token revoked")
 	}
-	if tok.ExpiresAt != nil && !tok.ExpiresAt.After(time.Now()) {
+	if tok.ExpiresAt != nil && !tok.ExpiresAt.After(s.now()) {
 		return nil, errs.New(errs.CodeMcpTokenExpired, "token expired")
 	}
 
diff --git a/internal/mcp/token_service_test.go b/internal/mcp/token_service_test.go
index 798c4e0..0105b2a 100644
--- a/internal/mcp/token_service_test.go
+++ b/internal/mcp/token_service_test.go
@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ import (
 
 type fakeRepo struct {
 	mu     sync.Mutex
-	tokens map[uuid.UUID]*mcp.MCPToken
+	tokens map[uuid.UUID]*mcp.Token
 	byHash map[string]uuid.UUID
 }
 
 func newFakeRepo() *fakeRepo {
 	return &fakeRepo{
-		tokens: map[uuid.UUID]*mcp.MCPToken{},
+		tokens: map[uuid.UUID]*mcp.Token{},
 		byHash: map[string]uuid.UUID{},
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *fakeRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, t *mcp.MCPToken) (*mcp.MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *fakeRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, t *mcp.Token) (*mcp.Token, error) {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
 	c := *t
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (r *fakeRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, t *mcp.MCPToken) (*mcp.MCPToken,
 	r.byHash[string(c.TokenHash)] = c.ID
 	return &c, nil
 }
-func (r *fakeRepo) GetByHash(ctx context.Context, h []byte) (*mcp.MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *fakeRepo) GetByHash(ctx context.Context, h []byte) (*mcp.Token, error) {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
 	id, ok := r.byHash[string(h)]
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func (r *fakeRepo) GetByHash(ctx context.Context, h []byte) (*mcp.MCPToken, erro
 	c := *r.tokens[id]
 	return &c, nil
 }
-func (r *fakeRepo) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*mcp.MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *fakeRepo) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*mcp.Token, error) {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
 	t, ok := r.tokens[id]
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ func (r *fakeRepo) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*mcp.MCPToken, er
 	c := *t
 	return &c, nil
 }
-func (r *fakeRepo) List(ctx context.Context, caller *uuid.UUID, activeOnly bool) ([]*mcp.MCPToken, error) {
+func (r *fakeRepo) List(ctx context.Context, caller *uuid.UUID, activeOnly bool) ([]*mcp.Token, error) {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	var out []*mcp.MCPToken
+	var out []*mcp.Token
 	for _, t := range r.tokens {
 		if caller != nil && (t.UserID != *caller || t.Issuer != mcp.IssuerAdmin) {
 			continue
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func TestIssueAdmin_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
 	au := &fakeAudit{}
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, au)
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, au, nil)
 
 	uid := uuid.New()
 	in := mcp.IssueAdminInput{
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func TestIssueAdmin_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIssueAdmin_NameRequired(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	_, err := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func TestIssueAdmin_NameRequired(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIssueAdmin_ExpiresRequired(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	_, err := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func TestIssueAdmin_ExpiresRequired(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIssueAdmin_ExpiresMustBeFuture(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	_, err := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func TestIssueSystemToken_Defaults(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
 	au := &fakeAudit{}
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, au)
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, au, nil)
 
 	uid := uuid.New()
 	sid := uuid.New()
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func TestIssueSystemToken_Defaults(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthenticate_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	res, err := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func TestAuthenticate_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAuthenticate_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	_, err := svc.Authenticate(context.Background(), "")
 	ae, ok := errs.As(err)
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func TestAuthenticate_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthenticate_Revoked(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	res, _ := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ func TestAuthenticate_Revoked(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthenticate_Expired(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	res, _ := svc.IssueAdmin(context.Background(), mcp.IssueAdminInput{
 		UserID:    uuid.New(),
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ func TestAuthenticate_Expired(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAuthenticate_TamperedToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{})
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
 
 	_, err := svc.Authenticate(context.Background(), "mcpt_tampered_value")
 	ae, ok := errs.As(err)
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ func TestRevokeBySession_AuditPerToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	repo := newFakeRepo()
 	au := &fakeAudit{}
-	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, au)
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(repo, au, nil)
 
 	uid := uuid.New()
 	sid := uuid.New()
@@ -352,5 +352,31 @@ func TestRevokeBySession_AuditPerToken(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 3, revokeCnt)
 }
 
+func TestIssueSystemToken_NilACPSessionID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
+
+	_, err := svc.IssueSystemToken(context.Background(), mcp.IssueSystemTokenInput{
+		UserID:       uuid.New(),
+		ACPSessionID: uuid.Nil,
+	})
+	ae, ok := errs.As(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, errs.CodeInvalidInput, ae.Code)
+}
+
+func TestIssueSystemToken_NilUserID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	svc := mcp.NewTokenService(newFakeRepo(), &fakeAudit{}, nil)
+
+	_, err := svc.IssueSystemToken(context.Background(), mcp.IssueSystemTokenInput{
+		UserID:       uuid.Nil,
+		ACPSessionID: uuid.New(),
+	})
+	ae, ok := errs.As(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, errs.CodeInvalidInput, ae.Code)
+}
+
 // 编译期保证：类型实现接口
 var _ = errors.New